Tuberculosis Drugs

Antibiotics: Mechanisms and Classifcation

Alcohol Toxicity

G-Protein-Linked 2nd Messengers

Central and Peripheral Nervous System

Pharmacodynamics

Sympathetic Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists

Cholinomimetics and Antagonists Drugs

Diabetes Drugs

Antifungal Therapy

Antiviral Chemotherapy

Diuretics: Site Of Action

Q1: A 54 years-old man under hydrochlorothiazide blood pressure treatment. What place represents accurately the site of action of HCTZ?

A1: Chloride-binding sites in the luminal surface of the early distal tube. So, inhibits Na-CL cotransporters -> inhibits Na-Cl reabsorption. WARNING ! SULFA ALLERGY

Focus in the mindmap:

• Everyone produce low Na-Cl-K (K except spironolactone) in blood.
• HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
• HCThiazide = PTHiazide; same PTH hormone effect = hyperCALCEMIA
• Site of action: early distal tube.

Antiarrhytmics Na+ Channel Blockers (Class I)

The image corresponds the ventricular action potential curve. The academic figure shows a black normal ventricular action potential Na+ (type I) antiarrhytmic effects or "BACman" in comparisson with the normal black curve: B of Before (blue curve), A of After (red curve), and C of Cara (face in Spanish) of our hero BACman (see mindmap below).

Correlating the figure above with our minmap:

• Ventricular potential curve description:
• Four phases starting with 0
• Phase 2 called "Plateau" influx Ca+ and efflux K+, atrial potential curve does not have it.
• The BACman face silhouette is the normal curve. See the phase 3 of the curve to apply the mnemonic:
• IB antiarrhytmics show the line Before the (normal) face.
• IA antiarrhytmics show the line After the (normal) face.
• IC antiarrhytmics show the line Cara (spanish world of face), because is the same as normal in phase 3.
• Antiarrhytmic type I Meds menmonic (3 words each one):
• Before you started eating healthy (salads): Lettuce + Tomatoes + Mayo
• Current you eat so so (fries): More + Fries + Please
• After you will eat so fat: Double + Quarter + Pounder

REMEMBER:  Drug induced lupus causes: quinidine, hydralazine, chlorpromazine, isoniazide, methyldopa, minocycline, terbinafine, phenytoin, and sulfasalazine.